- Concrete basement surfaces start out solid and strong, but over time, all houses settle and tiny stress cracks form in foundation walls and floor joints. Hydrostatic pressure can push moisture from the wet ground right into the concrete, according to the Start Remodeling site. In addition, this excess moisture can contribute to the growth of mold and mildew, creating health problems for sensitive individuals in the household. Concrete itself contains moisture that evaporates as it cures. This process can leave behind small pores that draw in more moisture from the ground. Older homes often do not have an adequate moisture barrier beneath the basement concrete to fully prevent moisture seepage.
- Sealers are designed to hold back some of this moisture seepage into the room. Sealers cover the top surface of the concrete, though they do not prevent the seepage that comes up from the soil beneath the concrete. Several types of concrete sealers are available. Acrylic sealers are inexpensive and easy to apply. They provide moderate protection against moisture and come in both water-based and solvent-based types. Epoxy sealers must be applied in two parts and can be difficult to use. Water-based types dry quickly and are non-toxic. Urethane sealers are used to protect decorative finishes on concrete. They can have strong odors and require good ventilation for drying. They last a long time, however. Penetrating sealers actually stop the moisture coming up though the surface of the concrete. They are used for concrete floors that do not have good vapor barrier protection, according to the All Things Concrete website.
- Homeowners should make any repairs needed in the surface before applying concrete sealers. Fill any holes and cracks with a concrete repair kits and reinforce joints with concrete joint compound. Larger cracks must be cleaned and loose material removed before filling with a repair compound. Trowel the compound level with the surrounding wall or floor surface. Allow the compound to dry completely before covering the concrete with sealer.
- Sealers can sometimes develop a cloudy, whitish look if water is trapped under the sealer. To avoid this, ensure that the floor is as dry as possible before applying the sealer. Apply the sealer in a thin layer to allow moisture to escape, if necessary. Mist some acetone or xylene on the surface to help the water evaporate. It may be necessary to strip the floor and re-apply the sealer if the discoloration is severe.
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